{"id":4527,"date":"2019-04-10T14:32:29","date_gmt":"2019-04-10T06:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jxscmachine.com\/?post_type=new&p=4527"},"modified":"2026-04-15T14:21:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T06:21:28","slug":"proceso-de-extraccion-del-oro","status":"publish","type":"new","link":"https:\/\/www.jxscmachine.com\/es\/new\/gold-extraction-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Proceso de extracci\u00f3n del oro"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gold extraction involves multiple stages<\/strong>, from crushing raw ore<\/strong> a final refining<\/strong>. The method used depends on ore type, gold particle size, and mineral associations<\/strong>. This guide covers the four primary gold extraction methods<\/strong>: gravity separation, flotation, amalgamation, and cyanidation<\/strong>, along with their respective processes and applications.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Separaci\u00f3n por gravedad<\/h2>\n\t
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The gravity separation method is based on the difference in the relative density of minerals (usually called specific gravity) to sort minerals.<\/strong> Mineral particles of different densities are subjected to hydrodynamic forces and various mechanical forces in the moving medium (water, air, and heavy liquid), resulting in suitable loose delamination and separation conditions, so that different densities of ore particles can be separated.<\/p>\n

Gravity separation is one of the oldest and most common methods of gold selection.<\/strong> In the placer gold deposits, gold is usually in the form of monomeric natural gold, and its particle size is generally greater than 16 tons\/m3, which is much different from the density of gangue. Therefore, gravity separation is the most important, most effective, and economical method for placer\/alluvial gold dressing<\/a>.<\/p>\n

However, for rock gold beneficiation,<\/strong> the gravity separation process is rarely used as a part of the gold extraction process. Generally, in the grinding and grading circuit, the jig and the spiral chute are combined with the shaker to recover the coarse gold in advance, which is preparation for the subsequent flotation and cyanidation process, and to obtain a qualified gold concentrate.<\/p>\n

El principal equipo separador por gravedad<\/strong><\/a> includes various types of spiral chutes, jigs, and shaker tables. In addition to conventional gravity separators, China has developed new equipment such as belt chutes, Ross chutes, round jig, sand gold centrifugal washing unit, and achieved good results in gold production.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\"m\u00e1quina<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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Jigging Gold Process<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The jigging method is a gold selection process for jigs. Jigs are commonly used gravity separator equipment and come in many types. China’s gold processing factory mostly uses the Dyval-type diaphragm jig.<\/p>\n

The working principle of the Dyval type diaphragm jig is:<\/strong> when the eccentric drive mechanism drives the diaphragm to reciprocate, the water in the jigging chamber passes through the vertical alternating pulsating water flow generated by the screen. The selected materials are fed to the bed layer, and the bed ore and water form a granule system. When the water flow impacts upward, the granules are loosely suspended. At this time, the ore particles of different sizes are settled at different speeds, and the large-density coarse granules (bed stones) settle in the lower layer. When the water flow drops, inhalation occurs, and the mineral particles with a large density and small particle size pass through the bed gap and enter the lower layer.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Gold Shaker Table<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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En gold shaker<\/a> is a gravity separator for beneficiation in a horizontal medium flow. It consists of two parts, the bed surface and the transmission mechanism (see the figure below). The bed surface is longitudinally reciprocated by the transmission mechanism. The sorting of the mine on the shaker is gradually completed during the reciprocating movement of the bed. In addition to its own gravity, the factors contributing to the movement of ore particles are mainly the differential movement of the rushing and bed surface. The ore particles undergo a stratification perpendicular to the bed surface and a separate layer parallel to the bed surface during the movement. The result of both actions is that different ore particles are discharged from different sections of the bed.<\/p>\n

Shaker’s bed surface can be divided into three types:<\/strong> coarse sand bed (>0.5 mm), fine sand bed (0.5-0.074 mm), and slime bed (0.074-0.037 mm) depending on the size of the other ore selected.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Gold Chute Process<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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En tolva de oro<\/strong> selection method is an old and still-used gravity separation method. The chute is a wooden (or steel) narrow chute with an inclination of 3\u00b0 to 4\u00b0 (maximum of 14\u00b0 to 16\u00b0). The gold industry can be manufactured locally.
\nThe principle of sorting is:<\/strong> after the slurry is fed into the chute from the trough, under the combined action of the force of the water flow, the gravity of the ore (or centrifugal force), the ore particles of different densities gradually stratify. Finally, particle friction between the ore and the bottom of the trough, the stratification of the ore particles of different densities, and separation occur. The density is large, the concentrate becomes the concentrate at the bottom of the tank, and the density is small, which becomes the tailings.
\nThe chute is in intermittent operation. When the bottom concentrate is deposited to a certain height, it needs to manually stop the ore feeding and clear the sedimentary concentrate out.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Spiral Concentrator<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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En concentrador espiral<\/strong>\/vertedero en espiral<\/strong> is a chute dressing equipment that utilizes the combined effects of gravity, friction, centrifugal force, and water flow to separate the ore particles by specific gravity, particle size, and shape. It is characterized by the fact that the entire chute is curved in a spiral shape in the vertical direction.<\/p>\n

Principio de funcionamiento:<\/strong> The slurry fed from above the chute flows downward along the chute in a spiral shape. During the flow, the ore particles are stratified. Large particles with a small density are distributed on the outer edge of the spiral groove, and fine particles having a large density are distributed on the inner edge of the spiral groove (right in the figure below). The stratified heavy product is discharged by the discharge port of the inner groove bottom by the interceptor, and the light product is discharged by the end of the spiral groove.<\/p>\n

En concentrador espiral<\/a> has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has no transmission mechanism, and does not require power. The disadvantage is that the selection of materials with a diameter of more than 6 mm and less than 0.05 mm, and flat gangue is inferior. It is widely used abroad to select sand gold mines.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Cone Concentrator<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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Cone concentrators evolved from the principle of a narrow chute (also known as a fan chute).<\/strong> The tapered chute is fan-shaped, with a groove length of about 1 m, a feeding end width of 125 to 400 mm, and a discharge end width of 25 to 9 mm, and the groove surface is inclined.<\/p>\n

La pulpa se alimenta desde el centro del extremo superior, se distribuye por el cono de distribuci\u00f3n y se selecciona el cono. Las part\u00edculas de mineral se estratifican por densidad durante el flujo en el cono de selecci\u00f3n, y el puerto de interceptaci\u00f3n final separa los productos ligeros y pesados. Tambi\u00e9n existe un concentrador de cono Reichert muy utilizado en la preselecci\u00f3n de oro en arena. Se trata de una superposici\u00f3n vertical de varios conos, que puede completarse en pocas etapas.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Separaci\u00f3n por flotaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\t
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El m\u00e9todo de flotaci\u00f3n se basa en la diferencia de las propiedades f\u00edsicas y qu\u00edmicas de la superficie del mineral, a\u00f1adiendo un agente de flotaci\u00f3n, y el mineral \u00fatil se adhiere selectivamente a la burbuja para lograr la clasificaci\u00f3n del mineral.
\nNon-ferrous metal ores, <\/strong>such as copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, molybdenum, etc., are mainly treated by flotation;<\/strong> some ferrous metals, rare metals, and some non-metallic ores,<\/strong> such as graphite ore, apatite, etc., are also processed by the flotation method.<\/p>\n

Flotation is one of the most widely used methods for processing lode gold ore.<\/strong> In most cases, the use of flotation to select highly reversible sulfide mineral gold-bearing ores has a good effect. Because flotation can not only maximize the concentration of gold into sulfide mineral concentrates, but also separate waste tailings, the cost of dressing is low.<\/p>\n

For ores such as gold-copper, gold-lead, gold-bismuth, gold-copper-lead-zinc-sulfur, the flotation method can effectively identify and select various gold-bearing sulfide concentrates, which is conducive to the whole recovery of mineral resources.<\/p>\n

In addition, so-called “refractory ores”<\/strong> that cannot be directly treated by the amalgamation method and the cyanidation process are also required to be treated by a combined process including flotation.<\/p>\n

Sin duda, el m\u00e9todo de flotaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n tiene limitaciones. En el caso de las incrustaciones de grano grueso, los minerales con un tama\u00f1o de part\u00edcula de oro superior a 0,2 mm y los minerales aur\u00edferos de cuarzo sin sulfuros, es dif\u00edcil seleccionar el oro por flotaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\"m\u00e1quina<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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Froth Flotation Process<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The washed and classified mineral mixture is uniformly stirred in a tanque de mezcla<\/a> and sent to a flotation machine, generally using sodium carbonate as a conditioning agent to float the gold. At the same time, the use of butyl xanthate and the amine black medicine as a supplement to separate the gold ore powder from the slag and produce gold concentrate powder.
\nEn m\u00e1quina de flotaci\u00f3n<\/a> operates automatically, which is beneficial for separating the fine and superfine-grained gold ore. The mineral concentrate after flotation contains much water, and it is necessary to use a new high-efficiency concentrator to reduce the water content of the gold concentrate to the national standard. Belt conveyors and feeders connect each production process.<\/p>\n

Dado que el m\u00e9todo de flotaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lo puede maximizar la concentraci\u00f3n de oro en varios concentrados de sulfuro, y en \u00faltima instancia no puede obtener el oro acabado, la flotaci\u00f3n se adopta generalmente como parte del proceso conjunto.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Amalgamaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\t
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En amalgamation method<\/strong> can be divided into internal amalgamation and external amalgamation<\/strong> according to its production model. In the alluvial gold mines, amalgamation is commonly used to separate gold and heavy sand minerals. In vein gold mines, amalgamation is usually combined with flotation, gravity separation, and cyanidation to recover the coarse-grained gold.<\/p>\n

En internal amalgamation<\/strong> is carried out in a mercury amalgamation tank or a grinding machine, which can better control mercury pollution.<\/p>\n

En main equipment for external amalgamation<\/strong> is a mercury-mixing plate, which consists of a bracket, a bed surface, and a mercury plate. The mercury plate material mainly has red copper, silver-plated copper plate, and mercury plate. The silver-plated copper plate has the best amalgamation effect.<\/p>\n

The determination of the area of the mercury plate is related to the amount of ore, the nature of the ore, and the role of the amalgamation process in the gold selection process. Generally, the depth of the slurry flow on the surface of the mercury plate is 5 to 8 mm, and the flow rate is 0.5 to 0.7 m\/sec. The area of the mercury plate required to treat one ton of ore is 0.05 to 0.5 m 2 \/ton\u00b7day. If the amalgam is only for the collection of large particles of free gold, and the tailings still need to be floated, gravity separation and cyanidation, the working speed can be set at 0.1 to 0.2 square meters\/ton per day.<\/p>\n

Amalgam operation conditions:<\/strong> the ore concentration is 10 ~ 25%, the feed size is 3 ~ 0.4 mm, and the slurry flow velocity is 0.5 ~ 0.7 m\/s. Mercury consumption is 3-8 g\/t.<\/p>\n

Mercury poisoning protection:<\/strong> Mercury can invade the human body through the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract in the form of liquids, salts, and vapors, causing mercury poisoning. In particular, mercury vapor is the most harmful to humans and can cause acute or chronic poisoning. In order to protect the environment and health, amalgamation should be restricted. For workshops with amalgamation, it is necessary to protect against mercury poisoning.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\"Amalgamaci\u00f3n\"<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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Fusi\u00f3n interna<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The internal amalgam is in the grinding equipment, where the ore is broken, while the mercury is mixed. Grinding equipment is usually a small molino de bolas<\/a> or a rod mill.<\/p>\n

The internal amalgamation gold extraction process:<\/strong> adding ore and mercury liquid during the grinding process, and the gold particles are mercuryated after contact with mercury. After the internal amalgamation, the slurry and the mercury paste are discharged from the internal amalgamation equipment, and then the mercury paste is separated by trap, chute, classifier, or the like.<\/p>\n

The main disadvantage of the internal amalgamation method<\/strong> is the pulverization of mercury. When the ore is crushed, the mercury is divided into particles. These fine particles are wrapped and covered with an oxide film of base metal, a lubricating oil film, and slime particles, thereby losing the ability to bond with each other to cause pulverization. Mercury is difficult to separate from the ore being processed; most of the mercury is lost, and some gold is taken away.<\/p>\n

When the content of copper, lead, and zinc minerals in gold-bearing ore is very small, and there is no sulfide, which is easy to cause a large amount of mercury to be pulverized, and the size of the gold is large, the internal amalgamation method is often used. Gold mines also use internal amalgamation to separate gold from other heavy minerals.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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External Amalgamation<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The external amalgamation method refers to the amalgamation and extraction of gold from grinding equipment.<\/p>\n

The operation process of gold extraction by the external amalgamation method is:<\/strong> the mercury solution is applied to the silver plating surface of the mercury plate, and the slurry flows through the surface of the plate to contact with mercury. After mixing for a period of time, a layer of mercury paste is conveniently retained on the mercury surface and scraped off in time.<\/p>\n

El m\u00e9todo de amalgamaci\u00f3n externa es adecuado para tratar el mineral polimet\u00e1lico que contiene oro, y se utiliza principalmente para capturar el oro grueso que contiene. En la planta de selecci\u00f3n de oro, la mayor\u00eda de las placas de amalgamaci\u00f3n de mercurio se instalan en el puerto de descarga del molino de bolas para capturar el oro libre grueso en los productos de molienda.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Cyanide Process<\/h2>\n\t
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Since the cyanidation process was applied to mines for gold and silver in 1887, it has a history of nearly one hundred years, and the process is relatively mature. Due to its high recovery rate and strong adaptability to the ore, it is still one of the main ways of gold production.<\/p>\n

The cyanidation process can be divided into agitating cyanidation and diafiltration cyanidation.<\/strong> Stirring cyanide for the treatment of gravity separated, mercury-containing tailings and flotation gold-bearing concentrates, or for total mud cyanidation. Diafiltration cyanidation for the treatment of flotation tailings and low-grade gold-bearing ores lixiviaci\u00f3n en pilas<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The conventional cyanidation process is a very mature process, which includes preparation of leaching raw materials; stirring cyanide leaching; countercurrent washing, solid-liquid separation; leaching liquid purification and deoxidation; zinc powder replacement and pickling; and smelting ingots.<\/p>\n

1. Preparation of leaching raw materials:<\/strong> crush and grind the mine ore, and prepare a slurry suitable for cyanide leaching. Grinding fineness depends on the embedding characteristics of natural gold. For gold-bearing quartz vein ore, it is generally ground to 60-70%-200 mesh; while for sulfide mineral-bearing gold ore, it is mostly flotation and enrichment, and the concentrate is reground to 90-95%-325 mesh; for the ore with high content of arsenic or high pyrrhotite, it is subjected to flotation concentrate roasting, desulfurization and arsenic removal, and calcination is carried out for cyanidation; in addition, there are ores containing high carbon and interfering with cyanide leaching.<\/p>\n

2. Stirring cyanide leaching:<\/strong> under conditions of a slurry concentration of 35 to 50%, a pH of 10 to 10.5, and a cyanide concentration of 0.03 to 0.06%, the mixture is fully agitated and leached for more than 24 hours. More than 95% of the gold is dissolved as a gold cyanide complex.
\nThe mixing and immersion tank has two types:<\/strong><\/em> mechanical stirring type and air stirring type.<\/p>\n

3. Countercurrent washing solid-liquid separation:<\/strong> To fully separate the cyanide leachate from the gold residue, a plurality of thickeners are generally used to form a multi-stage countercurrent washing.<\/p>\n

4. Purification and Deoxidation of Leachate:<\/strong> The leachate (Pregnant solution) obtained from the washing operation usually contains 70 to 80 ppm or more of a solid suspension. In order to prepare conditions for the zinc powder replacement operation, it is necessary to reduce the suspended matter content in the noble liquid to 5 to 7 ppm and the oxygen content to 1 ppm, so the noble liquid should be purified and deoxidized.<\/p>\n

5. Zinc powder replacement and pickling:<\/strong> replacing the gold cyanide complex in the solution with zinc powder to precipitate gold. To obtain a more efficient displacement reaction of the zinc powder, a lead salt of about 0.005% and a cyanide concentration of about 0.05% should be maintained in the solution.<\/p>\n

6. Smelting ingot:<\/strong> gold mud and flux generally according to 1:0.8 ~ 1, the ratio of borax 30 ~ 40%, saltpeter 25%, quartz sand 15 ~ 20%, fluorite 5 ~ 10%, the other is soda, oxidation Manganese, etc. The slag is smelted at a furnace temperature of 1000 to 1100 \u00b0 C for about 3 hours to obtain a gold ingot (composite gold) containing 85% or more of gold and silver.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\"proceso<\/div>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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Ion Exchange Resin Method<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The ion exchange resin method is a method for adsorbing and recovering gold from a cyanide slurry by using an ion exchange resin, and is divided into two types of gold extraction methods: RIP and RIL. RIP is called the resin slurry method; it is first leached and adsorbed. It has been used for many years in the former Soviet Union. RIL is a simultaneous leaching and adsorption. It is said that there is no industrial application. Some people also call RIP and RIL a resin slurry method.<\/p>\n

Principio de funcionamiento<\/strong>
\nLa resina de intercambio i\u00f3nico es capaz de disociar dos grupos ionizados en soluci\u00f3n: un ion fijo (R) que no se intercambia i\u00f3nicamente y un ion intercambiable que es el\u00e9ctricamente opuesto al ion fijo. La resina de intercambio i\u00f3nico se divide en resina de intercambio cati\u00f3nico y resina de intercambio ani\u00f3nico en funci\u00f3n de las cargas positivas y negativas de los iones intercambiables. En el lodo de cianuro, el oro existe en forma de un complejo ani\u00f3nico Au (CN). Por lo tanto, cuando se utiliza un m\u00e9todo de resina de intercambio i\u00f3nico para la extracci\u00f3n de oro, se debe utilizar una resina de intercambio ani\u00f3nico. La reacci\u00f3n de intercambio i\u00f3nico que tiene lugar de la soluci\u00f3n de cianuro con una resina de intercambio i\u00f3nico es:
\nR-OH+Au(CN)2-\u2550R-Au(CN)2+OH-<\/p>\n

Flujo del proceso de extracci\u00f3n de oro<\/strong>
\n(1) Adsorption:<\/strong> When the gold-containing cyanide solution passes through the exchange resin column, an ion exchange reaction occurs, and gold is adsorbed on the resin.<\/p>\n

(2) Desorption:<\/strong> Desorbing the gold on the resin into the solution with a desorbent. For weakly alkaline gold-loaded resin, it can be desorbed with sodium hydroxide solution with pH=13 under normal temperature and pressure; for strong alkaline gold-loaded resin, the sodium hypochlorite method, acid thiourea method, zinc cyanide complex method, and sulfur can be used. Desorption by the cyano complex method.<\/p>\n

(3) Recovery of gold:<\/strong> Gold is recovered from a dehydration solution rich in gold by a zinc powder replacement method, an alkali precipitation method, or an electrolysis method.<\/p>\n

The ion exchange resins currently used for adsorbing gold from cyanide liquid are:<\/strong> strongly basic anion exchange resin AM, AB-17, weakly basic ion exchange resin AH-18, 704, mixed basic ion exchange resin AM-2B, A-2, and so on. AM-2B is widely used in the production of the former Soviet Union. AM-2B is a macroporous bifunctional resin that combines selectivity, mechanical strength, and adsorption and desorption properties with other resins.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Zinc Wire Replacement<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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La base principio de funcionamiento<\/strong> del m\u00e9todo de sustituci\u00f3n de alambre de zinc es la acci\u00f3n del zinc y la soluci\u00f3n de lixiviaci\u00f3n de cianuro que contiene oro, y el oro es sustituido por zinc para ser convertido a un estado met\u00e1lico y precipitado:<\/p>\n

2Au(CN)2-+Zn\u25502Au+Zn(CN)42-<\/strong><\/p>\n

El m\u00e9todo de sustituci\u00f3n del alambre de zinc es un m\u00e9todo convencional para extraer oro de una soluci\u00f3n de cianuro que contiene oro, y se aplic\u00f3 industrialmente ya en 1888. El m\u00e9todo consume una gran cantidad de alambre de zinc y NaCN, y el lodo de oro obtenido tiene un alto contenido de zinc y una gran superficie de suelo, y ha sido b\u00e1sicamente sustituido por un m\u00e9todo de sustituci\u00f3n de polvo de zinc ampliamente utilizado.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Stirring Cyanidation<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The stirring cyanidation method is one of the processes for cyanide leaching.<\/strong> The slurry obtained by grinding and classifying the gold ore is concentrated to a suitable concentration, placed in a leaching tank, and the cyanide solution is added, aerated, and agitated. This method applies to materials with a particle size of less than 0.3 to 0.4 mm.<\/p>\n

The main equipment for the stirred cyanide leaching process is a cyanide leaching tank<\/strong>. According to the different mixing methods, cyanide leaching tanks are divided into three types:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) The mechanically agitated leaching tank<\/strong> is a leaching tank commonly used in gold selection plants.<\/p>\n

(2) The air-agitated leaching tank<\/strong> utilizes the pneumatic action of compressed air to agitate the slurry, and the most commonly used is the Bachuk leaching tank.<\/p>\n

(3) The air-mechanical combined stirring leaching tank<\/strong> is a combination of the above two kinds of tanks, and is also an effective mechanical and air stirring device. The main advantage is that gold dissolves quickly.<\/p>\n

After the end of the cyanide leaching, the gold-containing solution is separated from the slurry by a washing method. There are three washing methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The first is the decantation method:<\/strong> the batch method and the continuous method. The former is rarely used due to shortcomings such as long operating time and a large amount of solution used. The continuous decantation method is washed according to the principle of countercurrent, that is, the slurry is sequentially fed into the concentration tank from front to back, and the washing liquid is returned from the back to the front, so that the washing liquid used for each slurry concentration is overflowed by the next concentration. flow. This washing method can be carried out by connecting several single-layer concentrators or a multi-layer concentrator in series.<\/p>\n

The second is the filtration method:<\/strong> the separation and washing operations are completed by a filter. This is usually done with a continuous vacuum filter.<\/p>\n

The third is the fluidization method:<\/strong> the washing process is completed in the washing column.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Heap Leaching Cyanidation<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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En heap leaching cyanidation process<\/strong> is one of the processes of cyanide leaching and is mainly used to treat low-grade gold ore. In 1971, the world’s first industrial-scale gold heap leaching site was put into operation in Nevada, USA, and has now developed into a mature process.<\/p>\n

El mineral de baja ley que contiene oro se rompe en trozos de mineral de 3 a 10 mm, se apilan en la almohadilla inferior antifiltraci\u00f3n y se roc\u00edan con l\u00edquido de cianuro desde la parte superior del mineral para disolver el oro del mineral, que contiene oro y l\u00edquido precioso de la pila. Se filtra y se acumula en la piscina de l\u00edquido precioso.<\/p>\n

The gold-containing noble liquid obtained by heap leaching can be recovered by the metal zinc replacement method, an activated carbon adsorption method, etc., and the recovered lean liquid is returned to the heap leaching operation for recycling.
\nThe heap leaching cyanidation process has a low production cost and can be put into production very quickly. The heap leaching scale can be large or small, and the amount of ore per terrane can reach tens of thousands of tons. In the United States, each pile of tons of ore is a standard heap; the grade is less than 0.6 g\/ The ore asbestos is directly piled up without crushing, and the ore of 0.6-1.0 g\/ton is crushed to a certain particle size and then piled up. The higher-grade is pulverized and granulated.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Diafiltration Cyanidation<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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El m\u00e9todo de cianuraci\u00f3n por diafiltraci\u00f3n es uno de los procesos de lixiviaci\u00f3n con cianuro, y es un m\u00e9todo de lixiviaci\u00f3n de oro en un mineral aur\u00edfero basado en la permeaci\u00f3n de una soluci\u00f3n de cianuro a trav\u00e9s de una capa de mineral, y es adecuado para su uso en minerales arenosos y materiales porosos sueltos.<\/p>\n

The process of diafiltration cyanidation:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Loading ore and alkali:<\/strong> The fabric is required to be uniform, the particle size is consistent, and the looseness is consistent. There are two methods: dry and wet. The dry method is suitable for ore with a moisture content below 20% and can be loaded manually or mechanically. The wet method is to dilute the slurry with water, and then use a sand pump to lift or feed the slurry into the tank.<\/p>\n

(2) Percolation leaching:<\/strong> After the filling is completed, the cyanide solution can be sent to the tank. There are two kinds of cyanide liquid flow in the tank: one is up and down. That is, the cyanide solution is injected from the top of the tank and passes through the ore layer from top to bottom under the action of gravity; one is to go in and out, and the good cyanide solution passes through the ore layer from bottom to top by pressure. After the leaching is completed, the cyanide tailings are washed with water.<\/p>\n

(3) Tailings discharge:<\/strong> there are two kinds of dry and wet methods. The dry method discharges the cyanide tailings through the bottom working door; the wet method is to wash the cyanide tailings with high-pressure water, and let the tailings slurry flow along the pre-arranged tailings pipe (tank).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Zinc Powder Replacement Method<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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The zinc powder replacement method is to mix the zinc powder with the gold-containing solution, where the gold is replaced by zinc, and then precipitated, and then the gold powder and the excess zinc powder enter the filter cake (ie, cyanide gold mud), and the liquid is separated from the gold. The basic principle is the same as the zinc wire replacement method. Since the surface area per unit weight of zinc powder is much larger than that of zinc wire, the zinc powder displacement method is much more efficient than the zinc wire replacement method.<\/p>\n

In production practice, the gold-containing solution is typically deoxygenated with a deoxygenation column before displacement of the precipitate.<\/p>\n

The zinc powder and the gold-containing deoxidation solution are mixed into the mixing tank, and then precipitated and filtered by the zinc powder displacement precipitator through the tube at the bottom of the tank. At this time, the gold mud is deposited on the filter cloth under the suction of the vacuum pump, and the gold removal solution is the filter cloth is discharged through the branch pipe and the manifold. The gold mud is discharged intermittently, and two to three replacement zinc powder precipitators are required for continuous displacement precipitation.<\/p>\n

El zinc en polvo se obtiene por el m\u00e9todo de sublimaci\u00f3n para enfriar r\u00e1pidamente el vapor de zinc en un condensador de gran volumen. El tama\u00f1o de las part\u00edculas es inferior a 0,01 mm, que se oxidan con facilidad, por lo que deben sellarse herm\u00e9ticamente durante el transporte o el almacenamiento.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Carbon in Pulp<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP)<\/a> is a gold recovery process that uses activated carbon<\/strong> to extract gold from cyanide leach solutions. First implemented industrially in 1973<\/strong> at the Homestake Mine (USA), it has become a globally adopted<\/strong> method, particularly effective for oxidized ores with high slime content<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Key Advantages<\/strong><\/h4>\n