Mesin Cuci Emas

Introduction to Gold Washing Machines

Gold washing machines are essential equipment in mineral processing, designed to separate gold particles from clay, sand, and other impurities. These machines play a crucial role in both small-scale artisanal mining and large commercial operations, significantly impacting the efficiency and profitability of gold recovery processes.

 

Classification of Gold Washing Machines

Gold washing machines can be categorized based on their material dispersion methods:

1. Hydraulic Dispersion Machines

• Utilize high-pressure water flow to break up material
• Examples: washing chutes, hydraulic washing deposits, various flat screens

2. Mechanical Friction Machines

• Employ low-pressure water flow combined with mechanical friction
• Examples: cylinder trommel scrubbers

3. Pure Mechanical Action Machines

• Rely entirely on mechanical forces
• Examples: spiral washing machines, spiral classifiers

 

Di Cina, kotak pintu air dan penggosok trompet are commonly used in the processing of sand mines and gold mining vessels. In the washing operation of non-ferrous metal ore, a double-layer vibrating screen (or two single-layer vibrating screens arranged continuously) plus a spiral classifier is commonly used as washing equipment. In the washing of diamond ore, a trommel scrubber washer, a spiral washer, and a scrubbing machine with a head screen are often used.

In some ferrous metal beneficiation plants in the south, vibrating screens, cylindrical washing machines, and trough washing machines are commonly used. In the washing of apatite ore, various vibrating screens and trough washing machines are also used. The various vibrating screens used for washing are all shaped sieves and high-pressure water washing. Most of the cylinder washing machines are designed and manufactured according to actual needs.

Sebagian besar mesin cuci dan scrubber palung menggunakan standar Soviet dan memiliki spesifikasi tunggal. Peralatan cuci China masih dalam tahap pengembangan.

 

 

Common Types of Gold Washing Machines

(1) Sluice Box

The ore washing sluice box is suitable for easy-to-wash and medium-washable ores. In China, it is mostly used for the washing of sand mines and gold ore. In actual production, it is often used in combination with a trommel scrubber or a vibrating washing screen. 

Gold Sluice Box Working Principle

Perbedaan struktur dari saluran pencucian biasa adalah bahwa kisi-kisi disediakan di bagian bawah seluruh panjang saluran air, dan layar strip tetap disediakan di ujung saluran. Sebuah nosel disediakan di kepala pintu air (atau bagian atas dari seluruh pintu air), dan ketika material bergerak di sepanjang saluran dalam aliran air yang dipancarkan dari nosel dengan kecepatan tinggi, bongkahan kasar bergeser dan berputar, sehingga lendir terbawa oleh jet.

In actual production, in order to strengthen the disintegration of clay-like impurities, artificial antimony ore is often used, and high-pressure water is fed into the mine with a water gun at the head of the sluice box. The fine sand and clay are separated from the coarse material by the grid at the bottom of the chute and the fixed strip at the end. The size of the grid pores and the sieve mesh are determined by the process conditions, usually 10-15 mm. The washing efficiency is related to the length and angle of the gold chute box. The unit water consumption depends on the washability of the material. Usually, the water consumption of 1 m3 of material is 10~30 m3.
Yang perlu dihitung adalah daya A (kilowatt) dari aliran air. Bila konsumsi air adalah Q (liter/menit) dan head H (meter), maka

A = 0,0098QH, kW (1-1)

 

(2) Trommel Scrubber

The trommel scrubber(also known as the washing trommel screen) is actually an elongated cylinder screen. A tube in which a nozzle is attached to a cylindrical sieve, water is ejected from the nozzle at a pressure of (1.96 to 3.92) x 106 Pa, and the clay-containing ore moving along the cylindrical sieve is washed.

The scrubber drum putar used for sieving is only suitable for the treatment of easily washed sand and gravel materials containing a small amount of clay impurities, while the cylindrical washing machine has a strong mechanical and hydraulic action, and is suitable for processing medium sizes of 200 to 300 mm. Washable and hard-to-wash ore. It is mainly used in the washing process of sandstone materials in the construction industry, some quartz sand mines, and gold mining vessels, and the washing process of brown iron ore and individual non-ferrous metal ore.

The structure of the rotary trommel screen is relatively simple. There are two non-porous cylinders at the feeding and discharging ends, which are supported on the idler, and the middle part is the cylinder screen. When the processing degree is not large, a single-layer cylinder sieve is sufficient. If the blockiness is large, two or more layers of the cylinder screen may be provided, and the sieve hole size is sequentially decreased from the inside to the outside. Gold trommel scrubbers are usually installed at an angle to facilitate the discharge of materials, and the inclination is generally less than 8°.
Untuk menghindari penyumbatan pada lubang saringan, saringan silinder pencuci sebaiknya dibentuk menjadi bentuk kerucut, dan kepala berdiameter besar diarahkan ke ujung pembuangan. Untuk bijih yang sulit dicuci, rantai dan molar berbentuk cincin ditempatkan pada dinding bagian dalam ayakan silinder.

The production capacity and water consumption of the cylinder washing machine depend on the washability of the ore. In terms of kinematics, the working condition of the cylinder gold washing machine is the same as that of the cylinder screen, so it can be processed according to the unit time per square meter of the sieve surface. Design and manufacture a suitable cylinder washing machine with actual data, such as water consumption. The technical data for the cylinder washers listed in Table 2 are for reference only.

 

(3) Spiral Washing Machine

The mesin cuci spiral is available in three types: tilted, horizontal, and combined. Tilt-tank washers are the most common, horizontal, and combined because of the addition of auxiliary devices such as feedstock and dewatering products, which have not been widely used.

Dari segi mekanisme kerja dan rentang aplikasi untuk menyebarkan dan membawa bahan, mesin cuci spiral miring dibagi lagi menjadi dua jenis: spiral (atau spiral) dan bilah. Yang pertama mirip dengan pengklasifikasi spiral untuk perawatan bahan yang mudah dicuci dan sedang dicuci dengan ukuran partikel 0 hingga 10 mm, dan yang terakhir untuk perawatan bahan yang sedang dicuci dan sulit dicuci hingga 100 mm.

The inclined blade paddle type gold washing machine is composed of a number of blade paddles, the shape and size of the blade paddle, the installation angle of the blade paddle, the overflow weir, the transmission device, the arrangement of the flushing water, and the ability to remove the slime. A variety of different models and specifications. However, in terms of mechanical structure, they are all the same, except that the blade shaft and the groove are different in size.

The inclined blade paddle-type gold washing machine consists of a groove body, two face-to-face rotating hollow shafts, a lower bearing, a packing water seal, a transmission device, a grit chamber, and an overflow tank. In composition, the blade paddles are made of high manganese steel and are interleaved on the hollow shaft. The apex of the blade paddle constitutes a helix, and the mounting angle of the blade paddle (usually 65°) faces the lower side of the shaft. The shaft rotates the blade to propel the ore to move toward the discharge end.

Feedstock and water are fed into the gold washing machine from the lower part of the tank, and about 2/3 of the length of the tank is filled with pulp. The mud and the surface of the ore with the mineral mud adhered to it by means of the shovel, scrubbing, and flushing of the appropriate amount of high-pressure water (water pressure of 0.1~0.2 kPa) from the upper end of the tank, so that the slime is broken and separated from the ore particles to achieve the purpose of washing. The slurry and the coarse-grained material move in the opposite direction, and the washed fine mud is discharged from the overflow tank at the lower end of the tank body, and the coarse-grained material is pushed up from the blade paddle to the grit chamber for discharge. The inclination of the tank is generally 5 ° ~ 12 °.

In China, inclined spiral washing machines have been widely used in the washing of diamond, residual slope iron ore and manganese ore, limonite, and sand tin. The Changsha Black Metallurgical Mine Design and Research Institute has designed a sloping tank-type washing machine for the washing of difficult-to-wash limestone, dolomite, and manganese ore in the south.

Praktik produksi menunjukkan bahwa mesin cuci emas tipe tangki miring sangat efektif untuk menghancurkan massa lumpur kental karena kemampuan menggosok dan meremas selama proses pencucian. Namun, karena keterbatasan ukuran partikel maksimum dari bijih yang dicuci, maka paling cocok untuk pengolahan bijih tahan api yang mengandung bijih dalam jumlah besar dan mengandung banyak lumpur. Tidak cocok untuk perawatan bahan rapuh, yang akan menyebabkan fenomena berlumpur yang serius.

 

(4) Vibrating Screen and Vibrating Sieve Machine

Layar bergetar and vibrating sieve machines are used for easy-washed or shattered ore, and the slime and coarse ore can be separated by a flat vibrating screen or a vibrating washing screen of a conventional structure equipped with a water spray device. The vibrating screen, as a gold washing machine, is always combined with stone crushers to process. To uniformly spray the water flow along the width of the sieve, a specially shaped nozzle centerline may be used, and the inclination angle between the surface of the material on the screen should be 100° to 110°, and the distance from the nozzle to the material surface is preferably 300 mm.

The nozzle can be made in the form of a cyclone (water enters from the tangential direction) or can be made into a vortex bushing (water entering from the center). The vortex bushing is conical, and the inner wall has a spiral groove. After the water is fed from above, the spiral grooves are created to create a relatively uniform jet of the swirl. The use of these two nozzles can reduce the amount of water used and improve the efficiency of washing. When the water pressure is 0.15~0.2 kPa, the washing water consumption is about 1~1.5 m3/ton. The washing efficiency is 75~85%.

 

Modern Advancements in Gold Washing Technology

Recent developments in gold washing technology have led to:

• Improved water recycling systems
• Advanced screen materials with a longer lifespan
• Smart monitoring of water pressure and flow
• Compact modular designs for easy transport

 

Kesimpulan

This comprehensive overview demonstrates the diverse range of gold washing machines available for mineral processing operations. From traditional sluice boxes to advanced vibrating screens, each machine offers unique advantages for specific applications. Proper selection and operation of these machines can significantly enhance gold recovery efficiency while optimizing water and energy consumption.