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Spodumene, Copper Ore, Quartz Stone Purificiation Process

Spodumene, Copper Ore, Quartz Stone Purificiation Process

Release time:09 Desember 2025

Spodumene, Copper Ore, and Quartz Stone: Key Properties & Industrial Applications

Spodumene

The Lithium Powerhouse

Key Properties

  • Chemical Formula: LiAl(SiO₃)₂ (Li₂O 5%-8%)
  • Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs
  • Colors: White/Gray (α-phase), Green/Yellow/Pink (β-phase after heat treatment)
  • Specific Gravity: 3.1-3.2 g/cm³

 

Aplikasi

  • Battery Industry – Primary source of lithium for EV batteries (Li-ion).
  • Glass/Ceramics – Lower melting temperature & improves thermal shock resistance.
  • Paints & Polymers – Acts as UV-resistant filler.

 

Processing Requirements

  • Pertambangan: Open-pit or underground (pegmatite deposits).
  • Manfaat: Dense Media Separation (DMS) → Magnetic Separation → Flotation (Li recovery ~75%).

Copper Ore

The Red Metal Goldmine

Key Types & Grades

Ore Type Copper Content Main Minerals
Oxide Ores 0.5%-2% Cu Malachite, Azurite
Bijih Sulfida 1%-5% Cu Chalcopyrite, Bornite
Porphyry Ores 0.3%-1% Cu Bulk low-grade deposits

 

Metode Pengolahan 

  • Sulfide Ores: Froth flotation (90% recovery) → Smelting → Electrorefining (99.99% pure Cu).
  • Oxide Ores: Pencucian timbunan (H₂SO₄) → SX-EW (Solvent Extraction-Electrowinning).

 

Top Uses

  • Electrical wiring (60% of global demand).
  • Construction, industrial machinery, and renewable energy (solar/wind).

Quartz Stone

Versatile Industrial Mineral

Key Features

  • Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (≥99% purity in high-grade quartz).
  • Hardness: 7 Mohs (scratch-resistant).
  • Titik lebur: 1,650°C

 

Market Applications

  • Glass Manufacturing – 70% of quartz consumption (flat glass, bottles).
  • Semiconductors – Ultra-high-purity quartz for silicon wafers.
  • Engineered Countertops – 93% quartz + 7% resin (non-porous surface).
  • Solar Panels – PV cells from processed silica.

 

Processing Steps

  • Crushing & Washing – Remove clay/impurities.
  • Pemisahan Magnetik – Eliminate iron contaminants.
  • Acid Leaching – For 99.99% SiO₂ (solar/tech-grade).

Spodumene, Copper Ore, Quartz Stone Processing

Spodumene Processing

(Extracting Lithium)

Key Steps

1. Mining – Open-pit or underground extraction (pegmatite deposits).

2. Crushing & Grinding – Reduce ore to ~0.3mm (300μm) for liberation.

3. Dense Media Separation (DMS) – Uses ferrosilicon slurry to remove waste gangue (~20% Li₂O upgrade).

4. Magnetic Separation – Removes iron impurities (e.g., tourmaline, garnet).

5. Froth Flotation – Key step! Uses fatty acid collectors (oleic acid) + alkaline pH (8-9) to float spodumene.

6. Roasting & Leaching – Heat β-spodumene (1,100°C) → Sulfuric acid leaching (Li₂SO₄ extraction).

Recovery Rate: ~75-85% Li₂O

Waste: Tailings (~60% discarded).

Copper Ore Processing

 (Sulfide vs. Oxide Methods)

Sulfide Copper Ores (Chalcopyrite, Bornite)

  1. Crushing & Grinding → Pabrik bola (P80 ~150μm).
  2. Froth Flotation – Collectors (Xanthates) + Frothers (MIBC) → Copper concentrate (20-30% Cu).
  3. Smelting – Flash smelting
  4. Converting – Blister copper (98-99% Cu).
  5. Electrorefining → 99.99% pure cathode copper.

Recovery: 85-90% Cu

 

Oxide Copper Ores (Malachite, Azurite)

  1. Pencucian Tumpukan – Dump low-grade ore (<0.5% Cu) + H₂SO₄ → PLS (Pregnant Leach Solution).
  2. Solvent Extraction (SX) – Organic extractants (LIX reagents) strip copper from PLS.
  3. Electrowinning (EW) → 99.99% Cu cathodes.

Recovery: 70-80% Cu

Quartz Stone Processing

(High-Purity SiO₂)

Standard Quartz Sand Production

  1. Crushing & Sieving → Penghancur rahangPenghancur kerucutLayar bergetar (0.1-0.5mm).
  2. Washing & Scrubbing – Removes clay/Al₂O₃ impurities (mesin cuci kayu/spiral classifier).
  3. Pemisahan Magnetik – High-intensity magnets remove Fe/Ti contaminants (<0.01% Fe₂O₃).

 

Ultra-High-Purity Quartz (Solar/Semiconductor Grade)

  1. Acid Leaching – HCl/HF treatment (99.99% SiO₂).
  2. Chlorination Roasting – Removes trace metals (1,000°C + Cl₂ gas).
  3. Crystal Growth – For monocrystalline silicon (Czochralski method).

Purity Levels

  1. Standard Glass: >99.5% SiO₂
  2. Solar Panels: >99.99% SiO₂
  3. Semiconductors: “5N” (99.999%)

1000TPD Spodumene, Copper Ore, Quartz Stone Purificiation Process

This plant is a 1000TPD three-in-one processing plant, it’s customized according to the client’s requirements. It’s designed to process quartz crushing, process lithium ore with tantalum, and process sulfide copper and gold mixed ore.

1000TPD Spodumene, Copper Ore, Quartz Stone Purificiation Process

1) Crushing Part: Capacity 100TPH

Send 0-500 mm rocks to the hopper at first. The pengumpan getaran will feed the rocks into the first cone crusher. After crushing, the smaller rocks will be sent to a vibration screen with a 20 mm and 40 mm screen by belt conveyor.

The larger than 20 mm rocks will be sent back to another cone crusher to be crushed again. The material less than 20 mm will be transferred to an underground transfer bin before the ball mill.

  • If the feeding materials of the plant are kuarsa, the under-hopper feeder will send the crushed materials to the next vibration screen with two layers of screens, 13 mm and 6mm. Then can get 3 kinds of crushed final output.
  • If the feeding materials of the plant are copper, gold, or lithium ore, another feeder will send the crushed materials to the grinding system.

2)Grinding Process Part: Capacity 42 TPH

The -20mm materials will be transferred by an electromagnetic vibration feeder beneath the hopper to the ball mill evenly. The ball mill will grind the -20 mm rocks to be 0-1 mm (70%-80% 200 mesh, around 0.074 mm). The ball mill will match with a pengklasifikasi spiral. The classifier will send the materials larger than 0.074 mm back to the ball mill to grind again. The particles less than 0.074mm will go to a pemisah magnetik drum to remove iron at first.

3)Sulfide copper and gold ore flotation Process System

If the raw ore is sulfide copper and gold, one pompa lumpur will send the ground slurry to the flotation system to extract the concentrate copper and gold. There are 3 stages for the flotation process: roughing, scavenging, and cleaning. The concentrate will be extracted from the cleaning stage and then will be sent to the thickener to do sedimentation. Then, underflow from the pengental will go to the vacuum filter to dewater and get the final concentrate.

The tailings from the flotation system will go to the shaking table to do gravity separation to collect concentrate in the tailings as much as possible.

4)Lithium Ore with Tantalum Process System

If the raw ore is lithium ore that contains tantalum, another slurry pump will send the ground slurry to a gravity separation system to collect the tantalum first. Generally, use two-stage saluran spiral to do first-stage gravity separation. Then the concentrate from the spirals will go to shaking tables to do the second stage gravity separation and get the concentrate of tantalum.

All the tailings from the two stages of gravity separators will go to a flotation system to extract the Li2O. Before the flotation process, generally, two stages of the hydrocyclone group are used to decline the mud to ensure the flotation efficiency.

The slurry from the hydrocyclone groups will go to several sets of mixing tanks to mix with chemicals. After that, the pulp will go to the flotation machines and start the Li2O beneficiation. If there’s a lot of mica in the lithium ore, it also needs to undergo a pre-process by several flotation cells to remove as much mica as possible. Then the concentrate from the pre-process cells will go to the next stage, the concentrate extraction flotation cells. Generally, there are 3 stages for flotation: roughing, scavenging, and cleaning. The concentrate will be extracted from the cleaning stage and then will be sent to the thickener to do sedimentation. Then, underflow from the thickener will go to the vacuum filter for dewatering, and the final concentrate will be sent away by belt conveyor.

The tailings will go to another thickener, and the underflow from the thickener will go to the plate filter to do dewatering.

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