Máquinas de lavar pedras: Classificação e especificações de utilização segura

O stone washing machine, also called a máquina de lavar areia, is used for desliming and screening large quantities of sand and gravel at construction sites, sand and gravel factories, prefabrication plants, and hydroelectric construction sites, and can also be used for ore sorting operations. Stone washing machines enhance efficiency, reduce impurities, and help meet environmental standards by minimizing dust and debris. Stone washing machines can be roughly divided into máquinas de lavar areia em espiral, máquinas de lavar pedra com tambor, máquinas de lavar pedra com vibração, máquinas de lavar pedra com balde de rodas e máquinas de lavar pedra com cilindro.

Next, we will explore different types of sand and stone washing machines, highlight essential safety rules to prevent accidents and maximize operational longevity.

Tipos de máquinas de lavar areia

Máquina de lavar areia em espiral

O máquina de lavar areia em espiral forma um tanque de sedimentação na parte inferior do tanque inclinado. A cabeça do parafuso está submersa no tanque de sedimentação. O motor acciona o parafuso através do redutor para rodar, e a água de limpeza é alimentada a partir do fundo do tanque de sedimentação para completar a limpeza, desidratação e classificação.

O máquina de lavar pedra (areia) em espiral is made of foreign advanced technology level, combined with domestic stone washing machine equipment, researched and developed new high-efficiency equipment, scientifically and rationally combines all components into one to ensure the integrity of the equipment, mainly used for construction sites, sand, and gravel. It is widely used in the desliming and screening of sand and gravel in factories, prefabrication plants, and hydropower construction sites, and can also be used in ore sorting operations. The spiral stone washing machine is suitable for processing materials with different fine- and coarse-grained specifications. The spiral stone washing machine uses a screw to propel the stones to separate them from water and soil, so the rocks are pretty clean after processing, and it is one of the more famous stone washing equipment.

Princípio de funcionamento

The spiral sand washing machine comprises a central shaft driven by a motor, a drum frame, a rotating threaded groove, and a metal screen. The steel bars connect the main shaft with the drum frame. A rotating threaded groove fixes the inner edge of the roller frame, a metal screen wraps the outer edge of the roller frame, and two water pipes go deep into the spiral cavity of the rotating thread groove. The spiral thread groove has a certain stroke length from the beginning to the end. When the stroke is completed, the cleaned stone has fully met or exceeded the national ministry standard. The mud and water washed from the rocks leak directly from the screen and flow into the sedimentation tank for sedimentation. The sedimented water can be pumped out again for recycling. The conveyor belt machine, the screening cylinder, and the screening washing cylinder are sequentially connected to the towable trailer for joint operation. There is a pair of meshing gears at both ends of the screen; the gears are integrated shafts, and the shaft is the transmission shaft of the motor. A couple of meshing bevel gears are installed on the gear shaft, a pulley is installed on the gear shaft, and the belt on the transmission shaft is driven. Pulley, the motor, which drives the whole machine to work. Four tugboats support the cleaning cylinder; the motor drives the reducer, and the large and small gears drive the cleaning cylinder to rotate at a low speed. The mud and stone powder aggregates are fed from the feed port and enter the rotating drum. The wear-resistant rubber liner installed at a certain angle in the cleaned drum is continuously lifted and thrown, and moves from the feed end to the discharge end. It is cycled multiple times and washed with forward or reverse flushing water during the process. The cleaned aggregate is screened and dehydrated by the discharge end drum sieve and then discharged. Wastewater containing sludge flows through the perforated baffle at the discharge or feed end.

Máquina de lavar areia com balde de rodas

The wheel bucket sand washing machine (stone washing machine) is widely used in washing, grading, impurity removal, and other operations in metallurgy, building materials, hydropower, and other industries. It is suitable for washing fine-grained and coarse-grained materials. It is ideal for construction sand and road construction sand. The máquina de lavar areia has a reasonable structure, convenient maintenance, large processing capacity, low power consumption, and high cleaning degree. A novel sealing structure, fully enclosed oil bath transmission device, and adjustable overflow weir plate ensure that this series of products is efficient, durable, has good cleaning and dehydrating effects, and produces stable fine-grained products.

A máquina de lavar areia com balde de rodas é composta por um balde de rodas, uma base de máquina e um dispositivo de transmissão. A base da máquina suporta o balde da roda e o sistema de transmissão e forma um tanque de lavagem de areia. A areia levantada pelo balde da roda é enviada através do dispositivo de transporte.

Características

1. A estrutura da máquina é simples e o dispositivo de rolamento do impulsor está isolado da água e dos materiais que recebem água, evitando significativamente os danos causados pela água, areia e poluentes.
2. A máquina de lavar areia (máquina de lavar pedra) tem vantagens óbvias em comparação com a tradicional máquina de lavar areia em espiral quando é usada para lavar areia no campo de cascalho:

• The loss of medium-fine sand and stone powder is minimal. The gradation and fineness modulus of the washed construction sand meet the national standards of “Sand for Construction” and “Pebbles and Crushed Stones for Construction.”
• A máquina quase não tem peças de desgaste, exceto o ecrã.
• Longa vida útil, sem manutenção durante muito tempo.

Princípio de funcionamento

The motor and the reducer drive this type of sand washing machine (stone washing machine) to drive the impeller in the water tank to rotate circularly in the water tank so that the sand, gravel, or slag particles in the water tank are stirred and turned over in the water. Wash and discharge the water-receiving material after being dehydrated by the impeller.

The wheel bucket sand washing machine is a new type of water washing equipment in recent years. It can not only wash sand, but also wash stones, and it has a wide range of uses and a great social demand.

Máquina de lavar pedras com tambor

The drum stone washing machine makes the stones collide, rub, and roll with the rotation of the drum and is sprayed with a high-pressure water gun, so the water demand is great, but the output is large.

Regras de segurança para a utilização de máquinas de lavar roupa de pedra

1. Antes de colocar a máquina de lavar roupa de pedra em funcionamento, rodar o rotor à mão para verificar se existem anomalias em todas as partes da máquina.
2. A unidade utilizadora deve instalar equipamento de proteção na correia trapezoidal de acordo com as condições específicas do local antes de poder funcionar.
3. Quando a máquina de lavar roupa de pedra está a funcionar, não é permitido reparar e limpar, e é estritamente proibido ligar o motor para manutenção.
4. Não adicionar pedras materiais que excedam o tamanho especificado.
5. A máquina deve rodar numa direção fixa e não na direção oposta.
6. Quando a máquina estiver a funcionar, se houver vibração ou ruído anormal, pare imediatamente a alimentação. Depois de esgotado o material na caixa, pare imediatamente o motor e inspeccione-o, e continue a funcionar após a resolução de problemas. Em caso de emergência, pare o motor primeiro, retire o material da câmara antes de ligar a máquina e ligue-a sem carga.
7. Não empilhar o local de trabalho da máquina de lavar roupa de pedra com artigos diversos e deve haver equipamento de iluminação com luz suficiente.

Conclusão

Selecting the right stone washing machine is crucial for improving production efficiency and ensuring finished product quality. Different types of washing equipment—such as spiral, wheel bucket, and drum stone washing machines—each have unique advantages, allowing for flexible configuration based on material characteristics, production scale, and environmental requirements. Meanwhile, strictly adhering to safety operating procedures and maintaining equipment regularly not only extends the machine’s lifespan but also ensures the safety of workers. With continuous technological advancements, modern stone washing equipment is evolving toward greater energy efficiency, intelligence, and reliability, providing a more dependable cleaning solution for the aggregate, mining, and construction industries.