Processo de beneficiamento de ouro em veio de quartzo

Introduction to Quartz Vein Gold Deposits

Quartz vein gold deposits are among the most significant gold resources globally, particularly in China, where they account for over 50% of gold deposits and reserves. These deposits are characterized by simple mineralogy, primarily consisting of quartz gangue (>60%) and native gold or electrum (gold-silver alloy).

Key Features

1. Gangue Composition:
   • Dominated by quartz (SiO₂), typically exceeding 60% of the vein material.
   • Minor constituents may include carbonates (calcite, dolomite) e sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite).
2. Gold Mineralization:
   • Native gold (free gold) is the most common form.
   • Electrum (Au-Ag alloy) occurs frequently, with silver content varying widely.
   • Gold grain size ranges from medium to fine, affecting extraction methods.
3. Ore Texture & Structure:
   • Vein-type deposits: Gold occurs within fractures or fissures filled with quartz.
   • Disseminated mineralization: Fine gold particles may be embedded in quartz or sulfides.

Quartz Vein Gold Beneficiation Methods

Quartz vein gold ore beneficiation methods mainly include gravity separation, amalgamation, flotation, cyanidation, and combination processes like gravity separation – flotation, gravity separation – cyanide, and flotation – cyanide.

Among them, the amalgamation method has been basically abandoned due to its environmental hazard.

O método de cianetação de lama total tem uma elevada taxa de recuperação, mas o ouro grosso prolonga o tempo de cianeto, aumenta a quantidade de reagente de cianeto e reduz a eficiência da produção. Além disso, devido ao perigo dos produtos químicos de cianeto, o seu desenvolvimento é limitado.

The single flotation process is simple, but the gold in the ore cannot be completely recovered. The coarse gold in the flotation tailings is lost. Therefore, the effective recovery of granular gold by gravity separation before flotation and cyanidation is of great significance to the efficient utilization of gold resources. The Knelson concentrator can effectively separate gold minerals and gangues, has a high enrichment ratio, environmental friendliness, and low production cost. It has been widely used in China’s quartz vein-type gold ore beneficiation process.

Concentrador Knelson

The Knelson concentrator is an enhanced equipamento de separação por gravidade based on the centrifugal principle. The enrichment cone produces a high-magnitude gravitational field at high speeds, and the difference in gravity between minerals of different densities is multiplied, making the separation between light and heavy minerals easier.

Qual é o melhor substituto do concentrador Knelson?

Com base no equipamento tradicional de concentração centrífuga, o concentrador Knelson resolveu com êxito o problema do empacotamento apertado da camada de minério e da baixa eficiência de seleção. O rácio de beneficiação do ouro é de 1 000 - 5 000. 

The Knelson concentrator has the following advantages:
(1) Chemical-free, environmentally friendly.
(2) Bom efeito de separação, alta taxa de beneficiamento, alto grau de ouro.
(3) Automation and stability.
(4) High processing capacity and high production efficiency.

Knelson Concentrator Flotation Beneficiation Process

Os resultados experimentais mostram que quando a finura de moagem é -0,074 mm, 84%, a taxa de recuperação do processo combinado de separação por gravidade - flotação é 91,40%, que é 3,09% superior à do processo de flotação simples.

The Knelson gold concentrator has great advantages in the gravity separation of quartz vein type gold ore and has been applied to the beneficiation process by more and more gold plants. Among them, the most widely used is the Knelson concentrator flotation beneficiation process. The use of a Knelson concentrator to recover the natural gold in the gold mine in advance effectively avoids the loss of coarse gold in the flotation tailings and increases the concentrate grade.

The process is environmentally friendly, has high recovery efficiency and good adaptability, and is suitable for most quartz vein-type gold mines.