25 Principe de fonctionnement des machines minières GIF Photo

Name: JXSC Mine Machinery Factory
Address: No.16,Gongye Avenue,Guzhang Industrial Park,Qinjiang Town,Shicheng County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 342700, China
Telephone: +86-13879771862
Price range: $$$

Contact +86-13879771862

Date de publication：08 janvier 2020

In mining operations, mineral processing, and sand/aggregate production, mechanical equipment plays an indispensable role. However, for beginners or non-experts, grasping complex machinery principles can be challenging.

Animated GIFs vividly demonstrate mechanical operations, making them far more intuitive than static images or text descriptions. This article compiles 25 mining machinery working principle GIFs, covering crushing, screening, grinding, sorting, conveying, and washing processes, helping you quickly master the core mechanisms of essential equipment.

Matériel de concassage

1. Concasseur à mâchoires

GIF Demonstration: Movable jaw plate periodically compresses material for crushing.
Principe: The motor drives an eccentric shaft, causing the movable jaw to reciprocate and crush ore.
Application: Primary crushing of hard rocks (e.g., granite, basalt).
Caractéristiques: Simple structure, easy maintenance, but prone to wear.

2. Concasseur à cône

- GIF Demonstration: The crushing cone rotates eccentrically to compress material layer-by-layer.
- Principe: The ore is repeatedly squeezed between the mantle and concave.
- Application: Medium-to-fine crushing of hard ores (e.g., iron ore, copper ore).
- Caractéristiques: High efficiency, uniform particle size output.

3. Impact Crusher (Horizontal Shaft Impactor)

GIF Demonstration: High-speed rotor throws material against impact plates for crushing.
Principe: Crushing relies on impact energy rather than compression.
Application: Medium-to-low hardness materials (e.g., limestone, coal).
Caractéristiques: Excellent particle shape, ideal for sand-making.

4. Broyeur à marteaux

GIF Demonstration: Rotating hammers strike material at high speed against breaker plates.
Principe: Impact crushing by high-speed rotating hammers and material collisions.
Application: Medium-hard materials (coal, limestone, gypsum).
Caractéristiques: High reduction ratio, simple structure, but hammer wear requires frequent replacement.

5. Roll Crusher (Double Roll Crusher)

GIF Demonstration: Two counter-rotating rolls compress and crush material.
Principe: Compression crushing between two rotating rolls.
Application: Medium-hard to soft materials (clay, coal, soft rock).
Caractéristiques: Produces uniform particle size, low dust generation.

6. Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher (VSI Crusher)

GIF Demonstration: Material is accelerated and crushed by high-speed rotor impacts.
Principe: “Rock-on-rock” and “rock-on-iron” crushing through velocity.
Application: Artificial sand production, shaping aggregates.
Caractéristiques: Excellent cubic product shape, adjustable gradation.

Grinding & Sand-Making Equipment

7. Ball Mill

GIF Demonstration: Rotating drum tumbles steel balls and material for impact grinding.
Principe: Uses steel balls’ free-fall impact and rolling friction.
Application: Metal ore, cement, chemical industries.
Caractéristiques: Effective for fine grinding, but energy-intensive.

8. Raymond Mill (Pendulum Roller Mill)

GIF Demonstration: Rollers press and rotate against a grinding ring to pulverize material.
Principe: Relies on roller-ring compression and friction.
Application: Non-metallic minerals (e.g., limestone, calcite).
Caractéristiques: Adjustable fineness, energy-efficient.

9. Sand Making Machine (VSI Crusher Applications)

GIF Demonstration: High-speed rotor ejects material into crushing chamber for particle-on-particle attrition.
Principe:
- Centrifugal acceleration throws feed material against rock-lined walls
- Fractures along natural grain boundaries for cubical shaping
Key Features:
- Adjustable rotor speed (45-90 m/s tip velocity) for gradation control
- Cascade feeding optimizes throughput
- Rock shelf/wear plates extend service life

Screening & Conveying Equipment

10. Vibrating Screen

GIF Demonstration: Eccentric motor shakes the screen frame to sort materials by size.
Principe: Uses vibration to separate particles into different layers.
Application: Sand, coal, iron ore, etc.
Caractéristiques: High screening efficiency but susceptible to clogging.

11. Multi-Deck Vibrating Screen

GIF Demonstration:

Tiered screening decks with progressively finer mesh sizes
Elliptical vibration pattern for material stratification

Banana Screens: Variable deck angles improve stratification
Polyurethane Panels: 3x lifespan vs. steel mesh in abrasive apps
Air-spring Isolation: Reduces structural vibration by 60%

12. Bucket Elevator (Centrifugal Discharge)

GIF Breakdown:

Cascading material discharge at >70% of rotor RPM
Deep vs. shallow bucket tradeoffs:

Bucket Type	Capacité	Recommended Material
AA (Deep)	Haut	Free-flowing aggregates
M (Medium)	Balanced	Moist coal/clay mix
SC (Shallow)	Precision	Fragile minerals

Failure Prevention:

Belt Stretch Alarm: Laser tracking detects >2% elongation
Explosion Venting: Required for grain/dust applications

13. Vibrating Feeder (Grizzly Feeder)

GIF Demonstration:

Elliptical/linear motion with adjustable stroke
Grizzly bars for scalping oversize material
Engineering Parameters:
Tuned Springs: Natural frequency matched to exciter (±5% tolerance)
Stroke Control: 0-10 mm adjustable via counterweight configuration
Heat-Treated Pan: Boron steel lining for 50,000+ MT abrasive wear life

14. Heavy-Duty Belt Conveyor

GIF Explanation:

Chevron-pattern belts for steep inclines (up to 30°)
Impact beds protect belts at loading zones

Critical Components:

Tensile Core: Steel cord vs. polyester weave selection guide

Smart Monitoring:

RFID embedded in belt plies
Real-time tear detection systems

Sorting & Washing Equipment

15. Froth Flotation

GIF Explanation:

Agitator aerates pulp (power: 2.2-110kW)
Froth column carries hydrophobic particles

Chemistry Control:

pH range: 5.5-11.5
Reagent dosing accuracy: ±0.5mL/min

16. Magnetic Separator

GIF Demonstration: Iron-bearing minerals are attracted under the influence of the magnetic field, while non-magnetic materials pass through.

Working Principle:

Permanent/Electromagnetic Separation: Adjustable magnetic field strength (0.1T–2T)
Dry/Wet Separation: Suitable for ore sized up to 300mm or slurry with a concentration of ≤35%

17. Jig Machine

GIF Demonstration: Pulsating water stratifies ore by density (20-120 strokes/min).

Critical Parameters:

Stroke: 0-50 mm adjustable
Bed thickness: 300-800 mm

18. Table à secousses

GIF Demonstration: Laminar flow separates <2 mm particles on the riffled deck.

Adjustments:

Slope: 2-5°
Stroke frequency: 240-330 RPM

19. Ore Washer (Lave-billes)

GIF Breakdown: Counter-rotating shafts with paddles scrub material (45-75 RPM).

Wear Data:

Manganese paddles last 6-12 months in quartz operation

20. Roller Washing Machine

GIF Demonstration:

Wheel dredges slurry while screw classifies (water consumption: 50-150m³/h).

Innovation:

Overflow weir auto-positioning

21. Hydrocyclone

GIF Principle:

15-30m/s tangential inlet creates a vortex
D50 cut point: 10-300 microns

Wear Alert:
Conical section replacement at 0.5mm wall thinning

22. Double-screw Washer

GIF Function:

Coarse & fine screws in a single tank
Overflow fines recovery rate: 95%

Auxiliary Equipment

23. Suspension Iron Remover

GIF Demonstration: Ferrous materials levitate and eject from conveyor stream under magnetic field.
Principe: Electromagnetic/perm magnet separation at 0.5- 1.2 T intensity.
Key Specs:

300-3000 mm belt width capacity
Self-cleaning scraper system

principe de fonctionnement de l'extracteur de fer

24. Sécheur à tambour rotatif

GIF Process:

3° slope rotation at 3-8 RPM
Gas temp profile: 300°C→80°C at discharge

25. Rock Crushing Plant

GIF Workflow:

Grizzly feeder scalp → Jaw crusher (primary)
Cone crusher (secondary) → VSI shaping
Multi-deck screen → Closed-circuit return

Smart Control:

Camera-based chunk detection auto-adjusts CSS

Conclusion & Key Takeaways

These 25 animated demonstrations have decoded the core operational principles of mining machinery through dynamic visualizations. Selecting optimal equipment requires a three-dimensional evaluation matrix:

1. Material Parameters

Abrasiveness index (Ai)
Bulk density (1.2-3.2 t/m³)
Moisture content thresholds

2. System Requirements

Upstream/downstream process compatibility
Peak vs. sustained throughput demands
Volumetric footprint constraints

3. Economic Factors

kW·h/ton energy efficiency benchmarks
Wear part replacement cycles
Automation level vs. labor costs
Professional Engagement

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