Processus de traitement de l'or des veines de quartz

Introduction to Quartz Vein Gold Deposits

Quartz vein gold deposits are among the most significant gold resources globally, particularly in China, where they account for over 50% of gold deposits and reserves. These deposits are characterized by simple mineralogy, primarily consisting of quartz gangue (>60%) and native gold or electrum (gold-silver alloy).

Key Features

1. Gangue Composition:
   • Dominated by quartz (SiO₂), typically exceeding 60% of the vein material.
   • Minor constituents may include carbonates (calcite, dolomite) et sulfides (pyrite, arsenopyrite).
2. Gold Mineralization:
   • Native gold (free gold) is the most common form.
   • Electrum (Au-Ag alloy) occurs frequently, with silver content varying widely.
   • Gold grain size ranges from medium to fine, affecting extraction methods.
3. Ore Texture & Structure:
   • Vein-type deposits: Gold occurs within fractures or fissures filled with quartz.
   • Disseminated mineralization: Fine gold particles may be embedded in quartz or sulfides.

Quartz Vein Gold Beneficiation Methods

Quartz vein gold ore beneficiation methods mainly include gravity separation, amalgamation, flotation, cyanidation, and combination processes like gravity separation – flotation, gravity separation – cyanide, and flotation – cyanide.

Among them, the amalgamation method has been basically abandoned due to its environmental hazard.

La méthode de cyanuration par boue complète présente un taux de récupération élevé, mais l'or grossier prolonge le temps de cyanuration, augmente la quantité de réactif cyanuré et réduit l'efficacité de la production. De plus, en raison des risques liés aux produits chimiques du cyanure, son développement est limité.

The single flotation process is simple, but the gold in the ore cannot be completely recovered. The coarse gold in the flotation tailings is lost. Therefore, the effective recovery of granular gold by gravity separation before flotation and cyanidation is of great significance to the efficient utilization of gold resources. The Knelson concentrator can effectively separate gold minerals and gangues, has a high enrichment ratio, environmental friendliness, and low production cost. It has been widely used in China’s quartz vein-type gold ore beneficiation process.

Concentrateur Knelson

The Knelson concentrator is an enhanced équipement de séparation par gravité based on the centrifugal principle. The enrichment cone produces a high-magnitude gravitational field at high speeds, and the difference in gravity between minerals of different densities is multiplied, making the separation between light and heavy minerals easier.

Quelle est la meilleure substitut du concentrateur Knelson?

Basé sur l'équipement traditionnel du concentrateur centrifuge, le concentrateur Knelson a résolu avec succès le problème de l'emballage serré de la couche de minerai et de la faible efficacité du tri. Le taux d'enrichissement de l'or peut atteindre 1 000 - 5 000. 

The Knelson concentrator has the following advantages:
(1) Chemical-free, environmentally friendly.
(2) Bon effet de séparation, taux d'enrichissement élevé, teneur en or élevée.
(3) Automation and stability.
(4) High processing capacity and high production efficiency.

Knelson Concentrator Flotation Beneficiation Process

Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que lorsque la finesse de broyage est de -0,074 mm, 84%, le taux de récupération du processus combiné de séparation par gravité et de flottation est de 91,40%, soit 3,09% de plus que le processus de flottation simple.

The Knelson gold concentrator has great advantages in the gravity separation of quartz vein type gold ore and has been applied to the beneficiation process by more and more gold plants. Among them, the most widely used is the Knelson concentrator flotation beneficiation process. The use of a Knelson concentrator to recover the natural gold in the gold mine in advance effectively avoids the loss of coarse gold in the flotation tailings and increases the concentrate grade.

The process is environmentally friendly, has high recovery efficiency and good adaptability, and is suitable for most quartz vein-type gold mines.